Let μ(d), μ(p) and μ(f) represent permanent atomic magnetic dipole moments of diamagnetic, paramagnetic and ferromagnetic materials, respectively. Which relation is correct?
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Let μ(d), μ(p) and μ(f) represent permanent atomic magnetic dipole moments of diamagnetic, paramagnetic and ferromagnetic materials, respectively. Which relation is correct?

G1 Physics · Accepted Answer

Step 1: Atoms of diamagnets have zero permanent net magnetic moment, due to electron pairing. Step 2: Paramagnets have a nonzero atomic magnetic moment; ferromagnets also have nonzero moments with strong cooperative alignment. Step 3: Therefore μ(d) = 0, μ(p) ≠ 0 and μ(f) ≠ 0. Answer A. Final answer: (A) μ(d)=0; μ(p)≠0; μ(f)≠0.