A battery of emf 12 V and internal resistance 2 Ω supplies a current of 0.6 A to an external resistor. Find the battery terminal voltage.
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Question

A battery of emf 12 V and internal resistance 2 Ω supplies a current of 0.6 A to an external resistor. Find the battery terminal voltage.

G1 Physics · Accepted Answer

Step 1: For a discharging battery, terminal voltage is V = E − Ir. Step 2: Given E = 12 V, I = 0.6 A and r = 2 Ω. Step 3: Internal voltage loss Ir = 0.6 × 2 = 1.2 V. Step 4: V = 12 − 1.2 = 10.8 V. Final answer: 10.8 V (Option D).