Nuclear Fission, Fusion & Nuclear Reactors questions with solutions

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• ParagraphmediumNuclear physicsNuclear Fission, Fusion & Nuclear Reactors

  Binding energy is the mass-defect energy of a nucleus. A heavy nucleus can split only when the total mass of the products is smaller, and light nuclei can fuse when the final mass is smaller. Use the following neutral-atom masses (u): ¹₁H 1.007825, ²₁H 2.014102, ³₁H 3.016050, ⁴₂He 4.002603, ⁶₃Li 6.015123, ⁷₃Li 7.016004, ⁷⁰₃₀Zn 69.925325, ⁸²₃₄Se 81.916709, ¹⁵²₆₄Gd 151.919803, ²⁰⁶₈₂Pb 205.974455, ²⁰⁹₈₃Bi 208.980388 and ²¹⁰₈₄Po 209.982876. Take 1u=932 MeV c⁻².

  Sub-question 1

  When ²¹⁰₈₄Po at rest undergoes α-decay, find the α-particle kinetic energy in keV.

  Options

  • Option A

    5319

  • Option B

    5422

  • Option C

    5707

  • Option D

    5818

  Sub-question 2

  Using the given atomic masses, which statement is energetically allowed?

  Options

  • Option A

    The nucleus ⁶₃Li can emit an α-particle.

  • Option B

    The nucleus ²¹⁰₈₄Po can emit a proton.

  • Option C

    Deuteron and α-particle can undergo complete fusion.

  • Option D

    The nuclei ⁷⁰₃₀Zn and ⁸²₃₄Se can undergo complete fusion.

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• MCQmediumNuclear physicsNuclear Fission, Fusion & Nuclear Reactors

  Which statement best distinguishes uranium-235 and uranium-238 in a conventional thermal-neutron reactor?

  Options

  • Option A

    Both isotopes undergo thermal-neutron fission with essentially the same probability

  • Option B

    Uranium-238 is readily fissile with slow neutrons but uranium-235 is not

  • Option C

    Uranium-235 is readily fissile with thermal neutrons, whereas uranium-238 is mainly fertile and can ultimately produce plutonium-239 after neutron capture

  • Option D

    Neither isotope can absorb neutrons

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• MCQeasyNuclear physicsNuclear Fission, Fusion & Nuclear Reactors

  Nuclear fission of heavy nuclei becomes possible because binding energy per nucleon:

  Options

  • Option A

    increases with A at low mass numbers

  • Option B

    decreases with A at low mass numbers

  • Option C

    increases with A at high mass numbers

  • Option D

    decreases with A at high mass numbers

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• MCQeasyNuclear physicsNuclear Fission, Fusion & Nuclear Reactors

  In a nuclear power reactor, a coolant continuously circulates through or near the reactor core. What is the primary purpose of the coolant?

  Options

  • Option A

    To increase the number of neutrons in the core

  • Option B

    To remove thermal energy from the reactor core and transfer it to a heat-exchange or steam-generation system

  • Option C

    To act only as a radiation shield

  • Option D

    To convert uranium-238 directly into uranium-235

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• MCQmediumNuclear physicsNuclear Fission, Fusion & Nuclear Reactors

  Heavy water is used as a moderator in some nuclear reactors. Which property makes heavy water especially useful for this purpose?

  Options

  • Option A

    It has a very high probability of absorbing neutrons

  • Option B

    It can slow neutrons effectively while absorbing relatively few of them

  • Option C

    It continuously produces uranium-235

  • Option D

    It stops all nuclear reactions in the fuel

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• MCQmediumNuclear physicsNuclear Fission, Fusion & Nuclear Reactors

  When two deuterons ²₁H fuse to form one helium nucleus ⁴₂He, 23.6 MeV is released. If the binding energy per nucleon of deuterium is 1.1 MeV, find the total binding energy of ⁴₂He.

  Options

  • Option A

    28 MeV

  • Option B

    32 MeV

  • Option C

    35 MeV

  • Option D

    39 MeV

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• NumericmediumNuclear physicsNuclear Fission, Fusion & Nuclear Reactors

  Assume the Sun consists entirely of hydrogen and releases 26 MeV in the reaction 4(¹₁H) → ⁴₂He. If the solar power remains 3.9 × 10²⁶ W and the Sun's mass is 1.7 × 10³⁰ kg, the burn time is (8/3) × 10ⁿ s. Find n.

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• NumericeasyNuclear physicsNuclear Fission, Fusion & Nuclear Reactors

  For a particular nuclear fission event, the total rest mass of the products is smaller than the total initial rest mass by 0.215 u. Take 1 u·c² = 930 MeV. If the energy released is approximately N MeV, find N.

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• NumericmediumNuclear physicsNuclear Fission, Fusion & Nuclear Reactors

  The disintegration energy Q for the nuclear fission of ²³⁵U → ¹⁴⁰Ce + ⁹⁴Zr + n is ______ MeV.

  Given atomic masses: ²³⁵U = 235.0439 u, ¹⁴⁰Ce = 139.9054 u, ⁹⁴Zr = 93.9063 u, n = 1.0086 u, c² = 931 MeV/u.

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• NumericeasyNuclear physicsNuclear Fission, Fusion & Nuclear Reactors

  Each deuterium-tritium fusion reaction releases 2.82×10⁻¹² J. A fusion system releases a total nuclear energy of 2.82×10⁶ J. If the number of fusion reactions is N×10¹⁸, find N.

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